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Death Penalty Ethics Essay Sample

Death Penalty Ethics Essay Sample Death Penalty Ethics Essay The death penalty has a long history in the society. During older times, the death penalty was used in giving justice to grave crimes which gave the idea that grave crimes definitely cost people their lives. The discourse on death penalty involves different concepts in the society especially ethics and morality. In the context of ethics and morality, capital punishment is never seen as the righteous way to achieve justice. This follows the idea that taking one’s life is equated to devaluing it. Of course, death penalty also exists in a religious context. Throughout history, the Church has been prominent in voicing out its strong opinion against capital punishment. Despite this, history also says the Church has somewhat given the state civil liberties in how justice is practiced. In these juxtaposing concepts, it is seen that the issue of capital punishment is an issue that gathers strong opposing opinions which identifies it as an important moral and ethical problem. The Ethics of Capital Punishment The ethical constraint that lies within capital punishment is the idea of life being taken willfully from an individual. For many, this follows a barbaric form of the justice system just like the â€Å"eye for an eye† concept. Furthermore, in the case of religion, taking a life of another human being is already sin in itself which widens the moral grounding against capital punishment. In short, this form of penalty is not reasonable enough to be considered â€Å"right.† This thinking has developed over present times which produced progressive movements against capital punishment. Many consider that the uproar against capital punishment is mostly ruled by emotions but it is important to know that this is completely fine. The discourse on death will never be technical and emotions can be associated to the functionality of morality in the society. Morality speaks of what is right or wrong, based on our inherent perceptions of the society. Just like with other ethical issues, capital punishment is perceived as unjust because it does not truly bring justice to those who need it. On the other hand, it is only a premature form of vengeance that does not truly satisfy anyone. In light of this, it is important to explore the different underpinnings of capital punishment in the society and how different nations have legalized it despite the continuous retort of several advocacy groups. Capital Punishment in the Society In the United States, some states allow capital punishment as the highest level of crime punishment. This is dedicated to grave crimes such as murder and the likes. For some people, this form of punishment can be considered as a â€Å"grave† or excessive showcase of authoritarian power. It does not give space or reform for change in the society; rather it instills a sense of fear among people that is usually misguided. Aside from this, the idea itself of capital punishment tends to paint a picture of justice which is cut short. Of course, death is not the solution in achieving justice. In nations that approve of capital punishment, their reasoning lies in the idea that through death penalty, people would avoid making crimes that would lead to their death. State ruling also reasons out that through capital punishment, people would fear being involved in great crimes. For experts on crime and psychology, capital punishment may have an effect that is opposed to this belief. Criminals who get involved in grave crimes do not have time thinking of this sort of logic; criminals would be more focused on committing their crimes rather than the repercussions of their actions. Instead, capital punishment in itself can trigger more grave crimes for criminals would see the crimes they commit as their last. Of course, this is only one side of the story and this also proves the multi-faceted orientation of the discourse of capital punishment depending on what context it is situated in. Despite all this, when the discourse is focused on morality, the automatic understanding is tha t the death penalty is unreasonable. Cutting short the life of a criminal may be reasonable to the victims but this is a blinded perception of the justice system. Ultimately, the issue of death penalty continues to raise debates because of how life is connected to what is ethical and death penalty is just one of the many wherein ethics is erased.

Unit 1 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 1 Individual Project - Essay Example This encompasses the specific allocation of goods for individuals and households. For an individual, it can be as simple as choosing the activity for the day. For a business organization, it includes the setting of the price level for a product or service and finding the equilibrium quantity which can maximize the profit to be generated. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, is more comprehensive as it involves the examination of the performance of the economy as a whole. Instead of simply looking at a single business organization, this means focusing on the entire industry taking into account all industry players regardless of size or bargaining power (Cybereconomics 2008). An example of the macroeconomics is the determination of the factors which causes the increase in the Gross Domestic Production of China which has showed significant growth in the recent years. Being the vice president for sales for a reputable business organization, I am responsible for the purchasing decision for the company. At other times, I also handle the recruitment and application processing for prospective employees. These tasked have allowed me to utilize microeconomics in making my decisions. The purchase of input for the company’s operation has a lot of implication for the price of the product that we manufacture and in turn, the level of profit that we generate. Employing the skills and techniques that I have learned in microeconomics, I always make sure that I am buying inputs at the lowest possible cost which includes minimizing the cost per item, cost of ordering, and cost of handling the inventory. I make use of the economic quantity model which really helped our business organization maximize profits by the elimination of unwanted cost. The macroeconomics portion concerns my task in hiring prospective applicants. When searching for the right person for the job, I look beyond the knowledge and the skill of the candidate and also look at the people working for

Research paper based on the life of Edgar Allan Poe Essay

Research paper based on the life of Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example aware of his life story realize that he was orphaned at a very young age and was never able to achieve any sense of connection to his foster parents, the Allans. The author is also famous for his marriage to a young girl. At the age of 27, Poe decided to marry his 13-year-old cousin Virginia, the only girl he ever truly loved and who tragically died while still considered a young girl. Contributing both to his despair and his alienation from his foster father, Poe is known to have also engaged in a number of poor personal habits such as drinking, gambling and using opium, perhaps even as an addict. Despite these issues, he was able to find early commercial success as a writer. He published his first book of poems at the age of 19 and began publishing his short stories by the age of 23. Unfortunately, though, he never achieved the kind of financial success he felt his innovation and talent were entitled to and he remained a mostly disillusioned and miserable man through most of his li fe. Setting the rules for the art of the short story he’d brought into popularity, Poe said â€Å"If any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression† (Mowery, 1997). Like many writers, though, Poe wrote of what he was most intimately familiar with, in this case his own inner demons, and his stories were thus themed primarily around the concepts of sorrow and loss. By examining works such as â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† or â€Å"Ligeia,† one begins to understand much about the author’s personality and inner character through the revelation of his anima. The term anima was introduced by Carl Jung’s work on dream analysis as a means of understanding the psyche on a different level than what had been proposed by Sigmund Freud. According to Neumann (1954), â€Å"the Anima is the personification of all feminine psychological tendencies within a man, the

Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 2 Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 6 Individual Work 2 - Assignment Example This is because as the output increase at one point, it does not necessarily increase at another point and the inverse is true. The increase in the operating expenditures per student does not bring out a large decrease to enrollment but rather there is an explicit nature of the function. Apart from enrollment, the other important variable in explaining the variations in operating expenditures per student is the teacher salary variable. This teacher salary variable is significant in the sense that it promotes a higher level of motivation thus the operating expenditure per student will decrease. A decrease in teacher salary brings about an increase in the operating expenditure per student. When there is a higher rise in teacher salary, the operating expenditure per student will also rise significantly. Minimization is always ideal achieving the best of benefits in every institution. In this case, expenditures reduce and at the same time, there is a reduction in the enrollment level. Barriers towards enrollment also do not exist and it is a case of unconstrained optimization. To minimize on the operating expenditure per student the calculation takes the derivative of the operating expenditure with respect to enrollment. 30.9 is the reduction level towards the operating expenditure per student that will occur upon adding one more student. This is because at this point (500) there are economies of scale and there are positive externalities. The regression value does not show a good fit value since it is less than 0.75. This is because the right hand side variables also do not fully explain most of the variations or changes. There is an inverse relationship between enrollment level and expenditure whereby the enrollment level increases as the operating expenditure declines. Economies of enrollment that can also show the size can decrease whenever the expenditures reduce as the enrollment

Quantitation by Extraction

Quantitation by Extraction Syed Masood Hassan Akbari INTRODUCTION A liquid-liquid extraction phase consists of a component (a) which is to be removed from the feed phase. The addition of a second phase (b) a solvent phase which is immiscible with the feed phase but the component (a) is soluble in both the feed phase and the solvent phase. As it happens the solute (a) is transferred from the feed phase to the solvent phase. After extraction the feed and solvent phases are called the raffinate and the extract phases respectively. Usually one of the two phases is an organic phase while the other is an aqueous phase. Under equilibrium conditions the distribution of the solute (a) over the two phases is determined by the distribution law. After the extraction the two phases can be segregated because of their immiscibility. Component (a) is then separated from the extract phase by distillation and the solvent is then regenerated. Further extractions may be carried out to remove more of the component (a). Once the product of interest has been extracted finally an absorbance reading can be found at its corresponding ÃŽ »max. Figure 1: Shows the chemical structure of trimethoprim. Figure 2: Shows the chemical structure of sulfamethoxazole. This experiment consisted of three main components: The quantification of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in a suspension of Septrin. Interpreting the data gathered and using it in calculating the content of trimethoprim in Septrin. Interpreting the data gathered and using it in calculating the content of sulfamethoxazole in Septrin. EXPERIMENTAL Extraction of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole from SEPTRIN. Figure 3: Illustrates a schematic of the entire extraction procedure consisting of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in SEPTRIN oral solution. Sulfamethoxazole (Standard, Sample and Blank prep) Figure 4: Illustrates sulfamethoxazole’s sample preparation. The standard was prepared in the exact manner in a 250ml volumetric flask with using 0.2g of sulfamethoxazole in 50ml 0.1M NaOH and topping up with water. The procedure to follow was the exact same as the sample prep. The blank was prepared in the same manner and water was used along with the reagents outlined above in sample prep. Trimethoprim (Sample and Blank prep) The already extracted bottom layer with chloroform was extracted again using four 50ml quantities of 1M acetic acid and the top layers were combined and washed with 5ml chloroform and the top layer added to a 250ml volumetric flask and filled with 1M acetic acid to the mark. 10ml of this solution was then added to another 100ml volumetric flask and 10ml of 1M acetic acid was also added and topped up with water. The blank was made by using 0.2M acetic acid solution. RESULTS Determining the quantity of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in an oral suspension of SEPTRIN. Table 1: Shows the absorbance values obtained at each respective Ɔºmax for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Calculations: Trimethoprim The sample had a dilution factor of 1:1000 which meant that there were two dilutions carried out where the suspension was diluted to 250ml, which is a 1:100 dilution. Secondly the sample was diluted too 100ml, which is a 1:10 dilution. These two dilutions steps combined gave a 1:1000 dilution factor. The calculations were carried out as below. 2.5ml in 250ml 1:100 (Dilution ratio) 1:10 (10ml in 100ml) Therefore 1:1000 dilution factor. Absorbance: 0.332 x 1000 = 332 A1%/1cm=204 so 1% solution has 204 absorbance 1%conc = 204 X = 332 332(1)/204 = x X= 1.627% w/v It complies with the compliance limit of (1.44-1.76)% w/v. Sulfamethoxazole 0.2g in 250ml 200mg in 250ml (1:100 dilution ratio) 0.8mg in 1ml (1:50 dilution) 0.016mg in 1ml (1:10 dilution) 0.0016mg in 1ml Sample of sulfamethoxazole absorbance = 0.075 So, 0.0016mg in 1ml = 0.293 And, x = 0.025 0.0250.0016/0.293 = x X = 0.0001365mg in 1ml 0.0001365mg in 1 ml x 50000 = 6.826mg in 1ml 6.826mg in 1ml à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   0.06826g in 1ml à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   6.826g in 100ml X = 6.826% w/v It does not comply with the compliance limit of (7.4-8.6)% w/v. Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole The concentration of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in 5ml of SEPTRIN were calculated as shown below. Trimethoprim: 1.627% à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   1.627g in 100ml So, x in 5ml 100x = 8.135g X = 0.08135g in 5ml SEPTRIN Sulfamethoxazole: 6.826% à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   6.826g in 100ml So, x in 5ml 100x = 34.13g X = 0.3413g in 5ml SEPTRIN CONCLUSION The active ingredients in SEPTRIN, trimethoprim 1.627% w/v and sulfamethoxazole 6.826% w/v were segregated by extraction. The concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the 2.5ml suspension were calculated to be as stated above respectively. The content of trimethoprim fell within the compliance limit but for the sulfamethoxazole the content fell a bit short of the compliance limit suggesting apparatus malfunction or human error in making up sample. Trimethoprim complies with the limit set out on the BP but for sulfamethoxazole it falls under the limit stated on the BP. QUESTIONS Illustrate the extraction procedure. Support the separating funnel in a ring clamp on a ring stand. Make sure the stopcock of the funnel is closed. Place a stemmed funnel in the neck of the separating funnel. Add the liquid to be extracted, then add the extraction solvent. The total volume in the separating funnel should not be greater than 75% of the funnel volume. Insert a stopper in the neck of the separating funnel. Pick up the separating funnel with the stopper in place and the stopcock closed, and shake it once gently. Point the stem away from your face and slowly open the stopcock to release some build-up of excess pressure, reclose the stopcock and repeat this procedure until only a small amount of pressure is released with it is vented. Shake the funnel vigorously for a minute, release the pressure and then again repeat the step of shaking a few times till there is less pressure and the solutes are at equilibrium between the two solvents. Place the funnel back into the ring and let it rest undisturbed until the layers are clearly segregated. While waiting, remove the stopper and place a beaker under the separating funnel. Carefully open the stopcock and allow the lower layer to drain into the beaker. Drain just to the point that the upper liquid barely reaches the stopcock. The top layer can be left in the separating funnel if further extractions need to be carried out which do need to be carried out. When finished with the separating funnel store the stopper away from the funnel. Explain why sulfamethoxazole is soluble in the alkaline aqueous solution and trimethoprim is not? It is already known that trimethoprim is classified as a benzylpyrimidine and it protentiates the antimicrobial activity of sulphonamides eg., sulfamethoxazole. So trimethoprim has a tendency to form insoluble complexes when combined with sulfamethoxazole in alkaline aqueous media. Write out the chemical reaction which leads to the coloured product. The reaction mechanism above shows the coloured dyeing agent N-(naphthalene-1-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine reacting with the diazonium to form the coloured product. Why is ammonium sulphanate added? What would happen if it was forgotten? AMS is used as a reagent to speed up the chemical reaction if it is not included in the reaction before adding the dying agent then the process will either delay in reaching to its completion or not reach it at all. After extraction of sulfamethoxazole, how is the organic solvent processed? The organic solvent was extracted in four 50ml quantities of 1 M acetic acid. The upper layers were all combined and kept and washed with 5ml of chloroform. The top layer was then dispensed into a 250ml volumetric flask and topped up with 1 M acetic acid. 10ml of this solution was transferred to a 100ml volumetric flask, 10ml of 1 M acetic acid was also added and the flask was topped up with water. A blank was made and the sample from the organic layer was read at 271nm.

Biopure Case Study Essay

The key issue is to determine when Oxyglobin should be introduced to the market without jeopardizing Hemopure’s potential and how it should be marketed. In addressing the issue, the following were considered: a sensitivity analysis for potential consumption of different price series, associated revenues and costs, and gross profit from different distribution methods. It is recommended that Biopure: 1. Introduce Oxyglobin immediately at a price of $100 to veterinarians. 2. Have an independent sales force distribute the product to maximize profits. 3. Advertise Oxyglobin in both veterinarian journals and trade shows. 4. Establish a successful brand to launch Hemopure in the future. 5. Oxyglobin should be advertised Based on other Massachusetts companies’ initiatives that have not gotten FDA approval in the last few years, it is safe to assume that it is a possibility not to get the approval or to be given the approval rather late as it happened to Baxter. Further, the potential dip in the stock price if Hemopure were rejected can be avoided if the company acts quickly and takes advantage of a market that currently has no competition: the animal blood substitute market. Obtaining market share is critical now that Biopure’s Oxyglobin has been approved. Biopure has a chance to be the first player to enter this market and recover its research and development costs within two years. Even when Biopure was primarily focused on developing a human blood substitute, the opportunistic development and later approval of Oxyglobin, an animal blood substitute, is a valuable opportunity that has to be considered. Exhibits A and B place potential demand (1995) at 3.9 million units for noncritical cases and 0.35 million units for critical ones. Further, Exhibit C shows the probability of consumption in units after factoring in the probability that veterinarians and pet owners would try Oxyglobin at different price series. The table shows that at $100 a unit, Oxyglobin would be used in 81% of critical cases and in 28% of noncritical cases. Hemopure, the human blood substitute, was only about to enter the third phase of the FDA clinical trials. Only because Oxyglobin and Hemopure are almost identical in physical properties and appearance, it does not mean that they cannot be priced differently. There are currently different medical products and services for humans and animals that are differently priced. Exhibit 8 from the case shows that very few veterinarian procedures are priced over $100. In contrast, a human blood transfusion is priced above $1500 without insurance according to the Houston Memorial Hospital. Hemopure’s market consists of people who lose blood in large quantities like in accidents, gunshots. And and aging population (double of what it is today by 2030) in need of Red Blood Cells to treat certain conditions like chronic anemia and acute blood loss. Launching Oxyglobin at a low price would not necessarily create an unrealistic price expectation for Hemopure because human health care is far more expensive than animal care. Additionally, the emerging and growing necessity for blood substitutes will yield great demand in the following years which will translate to higher selling prices for Biopure, all things equal. Despite the fact that Baxter International launched the first human blood substitute, HemAssist (presumably priced between $600 and $800), Baxter International’s and Northfield Laboratories’ blood substitutes rely on outdated human blood as a source of hemoglobin which is more expensive than Biopure’s raw materials (bovine blood) at $1.50 a unit. Moreover, their products need to be frozen until used, while Biopure’s products are shelf-stable at room temperature. This makes Biopure’s products more advantageous because buyers can save money on refrigeration costs as the company makes a higher profit because of their raw material’s lower price. In terms of production, Biopure has capacity to produce only one product at a time, namely, an annual capacity of 300,000 units of Oxyglobin or 150,000 units of Hemopure or some linear combination of the two. On the other hand, Baxter has a production capacity of 1,000,000 Northfield’s capacity is at 10,000 units per year, which is considerably less than Biopure. According to Exhibit D, potential demand for Oxyglobin alone priced at $100 is 1.3 million. Biopure does not have any competition but cannot supply that level of output presently, which would potentially raise prices as demand skyrockets once the product is introduced in the market. Biopure conducted two surveys that showed customers’ willingness to try the product at a higher price depends on the gravity of the emergency. Exhibit E shows that by selling the product at $100 a unit, $137 million can be generated in revenue, which is more than the revenue that can be obtained when selling it at any other price. This has to do with the probability of consumption and its correlation to the gravity of pets situations in general. Veterinarians have expressed their frustration with current animal blood distribution. Biopure has two options distribution options: National-Regional-Local and Independent Sales Force. Comparing distribution costs from Exhibits F and G, it is clear that going for the independent sales force approach Biopure can more than reduce costs by half. Distributing the product (at $100 a unit) with the NRL option would cost around $41 million as opposed to $18 million with independent sales distribution. Exhibits H and I show that the highest gross profit attainable is $120 million when using an independent sales force and pricing Oxyglobin at $100 a unit for veterinarians. These and all exhibits show that Biopure should launch Oxyglobin immediately and recoup the $200 million developing costs in only two years.

Political Competence Essay

In almost any affair that involves multiple stakeholders the idea of partnership and collaboration have essential roles. This is also applicable in building a strong society or country especially since it is composed of numerous people with varying needs that must be addressed. In relation to this the concepts of good corporate citizenship and political competence are vital in giving the necessary services to the people. Corporate citizenship pertains to â€Å"a new contract between business and society, a vision of partnership between different sections of community, which allies profitable companies with healthy communities because what happens to societies happens to business† (Benchmarks, n. d. ). On the other hand, political competence involves skills and attributes that make it possible for the achievement of organizational goals (Wells, n. d. ). Good corporate citizenship and political competence are related because these are interdependent upon each other. In order for good corporate citizenship to make successful partnerships it needs political competence that will make sure that the plans they made will be properly applied so that their objectives can be realized. Since the past up to the contemporary time, the government plays an important role in the organization, information dissemination, budgeting, and funding of a country’s healthcare system. The government is the primary body that is responsible in passing laws for the planning as well as the implementation of various concerns regarding the healthcare system of the country. This is greatly observable in countries like the United States of America, states in the European Union as well as in other parts of the world. However, this kind of system is not always as effective as it seem to be. There are still many people who lack the proper healthcare attention, which is always the reason that there are various sicknesses that most citizens suffer from. The main problem why such incompetence takes place is due to the lack of political will coming from the government and also the improper and sometimes illegal contracts that are happening among the public agencies and corporations. This could be seen in the common practice that is observable in the distribution of the needed medicine for most healthcare centers. Government funded organizations are responsible in commissioning private corporations in buying the needed medicinal paraphernalia. Nevertheless, anomalies often happen in this kind of dealings. Corrupt government officials would allot a huge amount of budget in order to buy medicinal necessities but this money is not consumed for this sole purpose. Some of it tends to fall in the pocket of officials who are only thinking of their vested interests. They would engage in illegal contracts with private corporations who would also gain benefit in the process (Messerli, 2008). This kind of issue is clearly an ethical dilemma that needs to be address immediately. A good solution for this problem is to create an objective, independent body that would see to it that the budget allotted for the healthcare of the citizens are use for the right purposes. This is one good way in order to do something to prevent this kind of anomaly from happening. The healthcare of citizens is a very important aspect of an individuals’ right, which is why it should be given due attentions and importance.

Free Essays on Disintegration of USSR

Running head: DISINTEGRATION OF USSR Disintegration of USSR Nitasha XYZ University Disintegration Of USSR (Soviet Union) The great Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which emerged as a result of the spectacular October 1917 revolution, disintegrated even more dramatically in December 1991. The fall of Soviet Union with its far-reaching consequences on the global politics is regarded as the most important political event of the 20th century. It would be interesting to study the political, economic and social factors, which contributed to the fall of this great country. As Sam Marcy (http://eserver.org/history/collapse-of-ussr.txt) says The collapse of the USSR has inevitably caused wholesale desertions from Marxism. This is not uncommon when great catastrophes are experienced by the world working class. Nevertheless, over a protracted period, the working class has always shown astonishing recovery and regeneration. We believe that the dissolution of the USSR will be no exception.1 Historical Background The recorded history of the Soviet Union dates back to the 8th century A.D. when the European and Middle Eastern traders explored this region. At that time it was inhabited by the Slavic tribes. However the Scandinavian chieftains established the first Russian empire in the 9th century, which centered round Kiev and Novgorad. Later on this region remained under the control of the Mongols from 13th to the 15th century. Ivan the Great was declared the first Tsar of unified Russian principality in 1547. Ivan conquered Kazan and Astrakhan and established trading links with England. After that Peter the Great (1682-1725) remained the Tsar and emperor of Russia from 1682 to 1725. Peter introduced many reforms in the country and in 1703 founded the city of Petersburg. Thus the Great Russian Empire was founded which in future was destined to play important role in the politics of the world. By the 19th century Russian ... Free Essays on Disintegration of USSR Free Essays on Disintegration of USSR Running head: DISINTEGRATION OF USSR Disintegration of USSR Nitasha XYZ University Disintegration Of USSR (Soviet Union) The great Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which emerged as a result of the spectacular October 1917 revolution, disintegrated even more dramatically in December 1991. The fall of Soviet Union with its far-reaching consequences on the global politics is regarded as the most important political event of the 20th century. It would be interesting to study the political, economic and social factors, which contributed to the fall of this great country. As Sam Marcy (http://eserver.org/history/collapse-of-ussr.txt) says The collapse of the USSR has inevitably caused wholesale desertions from Marxism. This is not uncommon when great catastrophes are experienced by the world working class. Nevertheless, over a protracted period, the working class has always shown astonishing recovery and regeneration. We believe that the dissolution of the USSR will be no exception.1 Historical Background The recorded history of the Soviet Union dates back to the 8th century A.D. when the European and Middle Eastern traders explored this region. At that time it was inhabited by the Slavic tribes. However the Scandinavian chieftains established the first Russian empire in the 9th century, which centered round Kiev and Novgorad. Later on this region remained under the control of the Mongols from 13th to the 15th century. Ivan the Great was declared the first Tsar of unified Russian principality in 1547. Ivan conquered Kazan and Astrakhan and established trading links with England. After that Peter the Great (1682-1725) remained the Tsar and emperor of Russia from 1682 to 1725. Peter introduced many reforms in the country and in 1703 founded the city of Petersburg. Thus the Great Russian Empire was founded which in future was destined to play important role in the politics of the world. By the 19th century Russian ...

A Comprehensive Cheat Sheet for Fractions

A Comprehensive Cheat Sheet for Fractions Fractions Cheat Sheet This cheat sheet provides a basic outline of what you need to know about fractions when you are required to perform computations that involve fractions. Computations refer to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. You should have an understanding of simplifying fractions and calculating common denominators prior to adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions. Multiplying Fractions Once you remember that the numerator refers to the top number and the denominator refers to the bottom number of a fraction, you are on your way to being able to multiply fractions. You will multiply the numerators, then multiply the denominators and will be left with an answer that may require one additional step: simplifying. Lets try one: 1/2 x 3/41 x 3 32 x 4 8Therefore the answer is 3/8 Dividing Fractions Again, you need to know that the numerator refers to the top number and the denominator refers to the bottom number. In the case of division of fractions, you will invert the divisor and then multiply. Put simply, turn the second fraction upside down (this is called the reciprocal) and then multiply. Lets try one: 1/2 x 1/31/2 x 3/1 (we just flipped 1/3 to 3/1)3/3 which we can simplify to 1 Notice that I began with Multiplication and Division? If you remember the above, you wont have much difficulty with those two operations as they dont involve calculating the like denominators. However, when subtracting and adding fractions, were are often required to calculate the like or common denominators. Adding Fractions When  adding fractions with the same denominator, you leave the denominator as it is and add the numerators. Lets try one:3/4 9/413/4 Of course, now the numerator is larger than the denominator so you would simplify and have a mixed number:3 1/4 However, when adding fractions with unlike denominators, a common denominator needs to be found prior to adding the fraction. Lets try one:2/3 1/4 (the lowest common denominator is 12)8/12 3/12 11/12 Subtracting Fractions When subtracting fractions with the same denominator, leave the denominator as it is and subtract the numerators. Lets try one:9/4 - 8/4 1/4However, when subtracting fractions without the same denominator, a common denominator needs to be found prior to subtracting the fraction. Lets try one:1/2 - 1/6 (the lowest common denominator is 6) 3/6 - 1/6 2/6 which can be reduced to 1/3 There are times when youll simplify the fractions when it makes sense.

Practicum Project Goals, Objectives, and Justification Term Paper

Practicum Project Goals, Objectives, and Justification - Term Paper Example My proposed practicum project is implementation of various best practices related to nursing operations: purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding. Starting July of 2015, daily staff meetings will be conducted in my organization from 8am to 9am from Monday to Friday. The objectives of these daily meetings will be to equip staff with skills, knowledge, and competence necessary for the implementation of best practices. In these meetings, the rationale for purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding as best practices will be established, a membership development committee comprising of nurse managers will be created to oversee implementation of best practices, and also recommendations for implementation will be established. Based on past surveys conducted in my organization and feedback from patients, management has inferred low levels of patient satisfaction. The current nursing processes or procedures characterized by unstructured rounds and poor reporting techniques have significantly reduced patients experiences in my organization. King and Gerald (2012) posits that purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding are essential practices in managing patients expectations. For instance, King and Gerald (2012) notes that bedside reporting allows nurses to exhibit empathy and show concern to patients and could thus elevate levels of patient satisfaction. In nursing perspective, King and Gerald (2012) points out that multidisciplinary rounding helps nurses gain experience in working in a multidisciplinary environment and consequently gain skills and competencies in working with and managing a diverse population of staff, and also develop leadership abilities. Goal: In this project, the learner will create an implementation plan for purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding in order to improve patients experiences and help staff develop their leadership

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Annotated Bibliography Example Though the power coefficient of some of these turbines may be relatively low, they also work under low-quality winds. The writer claims that air flow approaching a wind turbine slows down by creating a low- pressure region behind the turbine. This pressure difference between the two sides of the propeller blades reduces the efficiency of doing work and increases the cost of wind power generation. Following to such loss a wing structure placed at a distance around the turbine is used to increase the power of the wind turbine by a factor of 2.0. The propeller is tightly fitted onto the inner shroud without leaving space between the tips of the propeller blades and the shroud. This method of improving wind turbine efficiency reduces the cost of generating wind power. These authors believe that the use of mantle’s nozzle which can be regulated can generate more quantities of electric power in wind turbine. The nozzle that is aerodynamically shaped ring induces a centrifugal force in the wind stream thus replacing free air stream with a concentrated stream of air. As a result, higher mass of air flows and velocity of this air behind the rotor reduced giving a higher energy output from the wind turbine in the nozzle. This increases the profit and reduces the cost of generating wind power. Though speed variation will increase, the concentration factor fc=2.5, it becomes inconvenient to work with wind at speeds exceeding the rated one. It is for this reason that control blades are installed on the frame side to let the excess air bypass the turbine rotor. This is however an additional cost and weight whose effects are adverse as well. These experts argue that steering aero foils are used to increase the rotational speed of wind blades. They are fixed surrounding the wind blades at an optimum distance whereby the angle of inclination can be valid. By adjusting the length and the angle of tilt, the rate can be